LIFE IS HARD, EVEN WHEN IT’S ARTIFICIAL
I’m writing this column under forty feet of water. This is bad.
I’m supposed to be concentrating. Breathe slowly, save your air. Watch your fins and hands, don’t disturb
anything. Pay attention to your dive
buddy, watch what the dive master is doing.
Above all, enjoy the astonishing variety of underwater life, the
difference of the underwater world from our own.
A snake eel slithers by, a sea turtle rests quietly under a
rocky outcropping. The colors are
clear and vibrant; life teems everywhere.
The rocks aren’t rocks, they’re coral, living organisms. Our dive master wiggles his fingers at a pile
of gravel. It spurts away, irritated,
coming to rest on the sandy bottom inches away from me.
I hover weightlessly, almost completely inverted, and stare
at the flatfish. He stares up at me,
because he has no choice. His eyes
migrated to the top of his head millions of years ago. Lest I get too smug with my superior visual
anatomy, I remember he saw me but not the other way around.
I’m here in
Can we use mathematics to describe systems that
reproduce? That grow? That learn?
That evolve? What can this tell
us about biological life? About human
evolution? About the origins of life on
earth?
I’ve only just started working in this field, but I know one
thing for sure: When people say life is hard, they are right. It may be the hardest problem, the most
complicated thing in the universe.
My own work involves looking at some very simple
mathematical ideas that apply to artificial life, trying to discover what
deeper meaning lies beneath them. It’s
very common in math to have simple ideas conceal great richness and complexity,
without our knowing exactly why. The
biggest leaps forward in math and science shed light on understanding how the
complex arises from the simple.
A year and half ago, one of my brilliant colleagues casually
tossed off a proof in a meeting and asked if I wanted to take a look at
it. After several months of thinking and
computer programming, we got some good answers, and wrote up our work for
publication. That’s how science is
done. You come up with ideas, run
experiments, and tell other scientists what you learned. They critique your work, you critique theirs,
and over time we all learn more about the world.
It’s exciting, but it can be humbling. My work is on very, very simple systems, so
simple I can explain them to a high school math class. Last fall, my daughter’s math instructor was
kind enough to let me take over his class for a lesson. I know his students understood what I was
talking about because I gave them some problems to work through. Most got them right, and a few even asked
questions that showed deeper insight.
Still, just using simple concepts for artificial life you
can teach to high schoolers, it took two specialists with graduate degrees a
year and a half to answer what we thought were pretty basic questions. Even though we now have publishable results,
we still haven’t completely solved the problem.
Doing science is hard.
If the simplest ideas of artificial life present hard
problems, what should we do when confronted with the mind-boggling presence of
the real thing? Lurking below the
surface of Maunalua Bay lies just a tiny part of the reality of life on earth, bursting
with a complexity thats put our puny mathematics to shame.
To me, the answer is to get to work. Life has had about 4.5 billion years to get
to where it is. Humans ought to be
allowed a few thousand more to work out the details. What better place to start then a conference
on Artificial Life in